Biotechnology and Bioinformatics - Theses

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    Amino acid deprivation sensing pathway in the regulation of innate-inflammatory responses : an approach to understand pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis
    (University of Hyderabad, 2018-02-01) Srikanth, Battu ; Nooruddin Khan
    1.1 Ulcerative Colitis: Ulcerative Colitis (UC), and Crohn’s disease (CD) are the two major clinical forms of Intestinal bowel disease (IBD) which are characterized by chronic, recurrent inflammation of the gastrointestinal-tract (Kappelman et al. 2007). UC and CD are associated with high morbidity along with decreased quality of life due to enormous illness burden (Ferguson, Sedgwick, and Drummond 1994). Although UC and CD share many clinical features such as bloody stools, diarrhea, fever, weight loss, and fatigue- each has distinct features (Head, Jurenka, and Ascp 2003), For instance, CD affects every part of the gastrointestinal tract with the development of clinical manifestations including abscesses, fistula, and strictures, typically leaving discontinuous segments of normal tissue. While UC is restricted to the colon, with the clinical manifestations of mucosal inflammation and ulceration that ranges from rectum to large intestine (Silverberg et al. 2005). In addition to intestinal features patient may also experience extraintestinal manifestations including musculoskeletal, eyes, and dermal related complications
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    Analysis of neuronal survival in the presence of various stress conditions and targeted delivery
    (University of Hyderabad, 2019-06-01) Hari Kiran, Athmakur ; Anand K. Kondapi
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    Cognitive dyfunction in experimental cerehral Malaria : possible role of neurodegeneration and morphological alterations
    (University of Hyderabad, 2019-05-31) Praveen Kumar, Simhadri ; Prakash Babu, P
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    Development and Molecular Characterization of Novel HIV-1 Associated Topoisomerase II β Kinase Inhibitors during HIV-1 Replication
    (University of Hyderabad, 2020-08-24) KIRAN KUMAR, D. A. ; K. Kondapi, Anand
    HIV-1(Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1) belongs to genus lenti virus, family retroviridaeand subfamily orthoretrovirinae(1).HIV frequently associated with Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS), a paradigmin humans where the immune organization fails and finally takes to the high-risk opportunistic infectionsin the life(35). According to the WHO/UNAIDS, globally37.9 million peoplewere infected with HIV-1/AIDS,in which adults were 36.2 million and children were1.7 million. Worldwide an estimation of newly infected people with HIV-1 were1.7 millionand 32.0 million people have died from AIDS-related illnesses(23.6 million–43.8 million) since from the beginning of this epidemic disease(59). India is the third largest country in having the HIV infected cases when compared with the world’s epidemiology. HIV/AIDS prevalence rate in India is lower than in many other countries, the epidemic status in India is having an estimation of 0.30%in HIV-1prevalence, in which adults are aged between 15-49 years and children are below 15 years (59).
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    Effect of charged-amino acid osmolytes on protein stability:Spectroscopic,Volumetric, and computational studies
    (UNIVERSITY OF HYDERABAD, 2018-10-30) Bramhini, A. ; Prakash Prabhu, N.
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    Functional molecular infection epidemiology of drug resistant Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC)
    (University of Hyderabad, 2014-01-30) Arif Hussain ; Niyaz Ahmed
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    HIV- 1 Reverse transcription : Role of topoisomerase II isoforms and topoisomerase IIß Kinase
    (University of Hyderabad, 2014-03-02) Lokeswara Balakrishna, Sunnam
    A successful human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) infection depends on several events, i.e., entry of the virus in to the host cell, reverse transcription of the viral genomic RNA to the double stranded DNA and integration of the viral genomic DNA into the host genome. These are the crucial steps in the HIV-1 lifecycle. The integrated provirus undergoes transcription and is capable of producing progeny virion. Among these, the first and most important step is binding of the viral particle to the cell surface receptors on the target cell.
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    Investigation of protein interaction networks in mycobacterium tuberculosis using computational approaches
    (University of Hyderabad, 2019-01-01) Dharmapal Burne ; Vaibhav Vindal
    Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the prevalent infectious diseases caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It is one of the airborne diseases which spread from person to person through the air. TB is of two types, latent and active TB. In case of the latent TB, the pathogen infects human macrophage cells and remains in an inactive state. It is a non-contagious with no symptoms. Sometimes, it may get converted to the active TB. In case of the active TB, the pathogen multiples in the macrophage cells causing disease. It is contagious to other persons. Symptoms of the active TB include cough, fever, night sweats, weight loss, etc. TB is generally diagnosed through tuberculin skin test where tuberculin, a purified protein derivative of the pathogen, is injected in the patient just below the inside forearm. The injected site is checked after 2 to 3 days for red hard bump. If the bump swells up to specific size, the patient is diagnosed to have TB disease. In order to confirm the disease, other tests such as blood tests, chest X-rays and sputum tests are performed alongside the skin test. All the patients detected with either active or inactive TB are prescribed with medications depending upon the age, overall health and resistance to drugs. The patients detected with inactive TB may require only one kind of antibiotic while the patients with active TB may require multiple drugs. Period of treatment of the patients with drugs vary from 6 months to few years. If the patients do not take the entire TB treatment course, the pathogen may get resistance to drugs causing multi-drug resistance (MDR) TB which is difficult to be treated. Therefore patients detected with TB are provided with proper medication and correct administration. In certain cases, the patients are recommended for Directly Observation Therapy (DOT) where a healthcare worker administers the TB medication to the patients in order to ensure the full course of treatment. In the patients diagnosed with HIV, diabetes or cancer, the treatment of TB becomes harder. If the TB is left untreated, it becomes fatal affecting kidneys, brain and heart. The vast majority of the TB cases are curable with proper medications and treatments elsewise two-third of the world‘s population would die due to TB.
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    Investigations on the mechanism of heat-induced programmed cell death mediated by a MazE-MazF like type ll toxin-antitoxin system in the cyanobacterium, synechocystis sp. PCC 6803
    (University of Hyderabad, 2019-06-01) Afshan Srikumar ; Jogadhenu S. S. Prakash
    TA systems have been identified as small genetic elements, generally organised as a dicistronic operon, consisting of an antitoxin gene preceeding the toxin gene in most of the cases and have been reported to be present in bacteria as well as in archaea. These genes encode a stable toxin and a comparatively labile or less stable antitoxin, which can either be a protein or RNA. The antitoxin binds to the toxin, forming a TA complex where it neutralizes the function of the toxin (Gerdes et al, 2005). Being labile, in order to neutralize the toxin, the antitoxin has to be continuously expressed in the cell, but under various stress conditions the antitoxin has been reported to be degraded by proteolysis and / or regulated at its transcription level (Christensen et al, 2001, 2003; Vogel et al, 2004). This change in the levels of the antitoxin, frees the toxin from the TA complex and the free toxin thus exerts its inhibitory effect on various essential cellular metabolic pathways, ultimately leading to the death of the cell or causing a bacterial growth arrest (Figure 1.1).
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    Mechanistic insights of dengue virus proteases [NS2B3 & NS] in host mitochondrial dynamics and evaluation of their potential as diagnostic and drug targets
    (University of Hyderabad, 2019-05-01) Chaitanya Gandikota ; Musturi Venkataramana
    Research is the best hope for preventing and treating the diseases. Indeed, many advances have been made in virus research through which we have acquired important fundamental insights into virus biology. Despite these, much remains to be done, not only to prevent and cure the existing diseases, but also to fight against the newly emerging viruses. Though host develops immune defenses to restrict the pathogens, pathogens have acquired the ability to overcome these countermeasures. Hence, understanding these host-virus mechanisms is necessary to develop antiviral therapies and prevention strategies. The main motives of virus research are always to understand the biology of viruses and their hosts, and to discover novel antivirals and diagnostics for the improvement of public health. In the present study, we tried to enhance our understanding towards the role of dengue virus encoded protease in virus biology and its use in developing diagnostic assays and novel antivirals
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    Modeling collective behaviour in biology \b computational approaches
    (University of Hyderabad, 2018-06-30) Raviteja, Donepudi ; Ramakrishna Ramaswamy ; Niyaz Ahmed
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    Rettospective clinical analysis and pathological singificance of biomarkers for astrocytoma progression
    (University of Hyderabad, 2017-06-01) Ravindra Pramod, Deshpande ; Prakash Babu, P
    Astrocytoma’s are the most common malignancies of the brain. World Health Organization (WHO) has classified astrocytoma in four grades (Grade I- pilocytic astrocytoma, Grade II- diffuse astrocytoma, Grade III- anaplastic astrocytoma and Grade IV- glioblastoma multiforme) on account of cellularity, nuclear polymorphism, mitotic index, microvascular proliferation and extent of necrosis [1]. However recent scheme of classification based on the co-expression modules around most mutated gene such as receptor tyrosine kinases are proposed to accurately assign prognosis in astrocytoma cases[2]. Grade IV astrocytoma also referred as glioblastoma multiformae (GBM), are the most aggressive primary tumours with worst prognosis and account for nearly 60% of malignant gliomas [3-5]. The overall prognosis for malignant glial tumours have not changed significantly since 1980 despite of advancements in course of diagnosis and mode of treatment