Biotechnology and Bioinformatics - Theses

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    Functional molecular infection epidemiology of drug resistant Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC)
    (University of Hyderabad, 2014-01-30) Arif Hussain ; Niyaz Ahmed
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    HIV- 1 Reverse transcription : Role of topoisomerase II isoforms and topoisomerase IIß Kinase
    (University of Hyderabad, 2014-03-02) Lokeswara Balakrishna, Sunnam
    A successful human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) infection depends on several events, i.e., entry of the virus in to the host cell, reverse transcription of the viral genomic RNA to the double stranded DNA and integration of the viral genomic DNA into the host genome. These are the crucial steps in the HIV-1 lifecycle. The integrated provirus undergoes transcription and is capable of producing progeny virion. Among these, the first and most important step is binding of the viral particle to the cell surface receptors on the target cell.
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    Studies on development of differential evolution based spectrum allocation algorithms and field programmable gate array omplementation for cognitive radio networks
    (University of Hyderabad, 2015) Kiran Kumar, A. ; Samrat L. Sabat
    Recent trends in wireless communication technologies claim a rapid increase in demand of radio spectrum. In the current spectrum allocation scheme, it is di cult to accommodate the demand of radio spectrum. Moreover the designated spectrum are not e ciently exploited, resulting its poor utilization. Studies have demonstrated that reuse of the un-utilized spectrum provides a signi - cant improvement in network capacity. Recently, a new dynamic spectrum access paradigm called Cognitive Radio (CR) has gained popularity to solve the shortcomings of spectrum under-utilization and spectrum scarcity. In CR technology, unlicensed users (secondary users) make use of the unused spectrum of licensed users (primary users), thereby discovering a new capacity and commercial value from the existing unused spectrum. The main functions of the CR are spectrum sensing, spectrum management, spectrum mobility and spectrum sharing. Spectrum sensing deals with the detection of vacant spectrum bands known as spectrum holes and these detected holes are assigned to the secondary users (SUs) during spectrum management phase. It uses di erent spectrum allocation (SA) algorithms for allocating spectrum to SUs. The present thesis mainly concentrates on spectrum allocation phase. The objectives of SA phase are a) maximize the spectrum utilization, b) minimize interference to primary users (PUs) and neighbor secondary users and c) maintain fairness across the users. To achieve these goals, an e cient SA technique is required for making decisions within a stipulated time. For this purpose, various techniques like graph coloring, game theory, evolutionary algorithms, local bargaining, auction and pricing mechanisms and stochastic search methods have been reported in the literature. The problem of allocating channels amongst the secondary users in the network is considered as a NP-hard problem. In this work, evolutionary algorithms, namely Di erential Evolution (DE), re y and particle swarm intelligence are applied to nd an e cient channel assignment solution. Further, the performance of three algorithms in terms of quality of solution and time complexity are compared to nd the best solution.
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    Role of tryptophan metabolism in human meningioma
    (University of Hyderabad, 2016-03-30) Nonle Kumar, Talari
    Meningiomas are the most common type of primary brain tumors and accounts for 30% of all brain/CNS tumors. Brain is protected with three different types of layers known as meninges. The inner most layer is pia matter followed by arachnoid and dura matter. Meningiomas are neoplasms derived from arachnoid (meningothelial) cells. According to World Health Organization (WHO) classification, of meningiomas are categorized into three different grades: grade I (benign), grade II (atypical) and grade III (anaplastic) meningioma. The criteria for this classification include cell type, mitotic activity, cellularity, necrosis and brain invasion. Most of the meningiomas are benign (about 90%) in its nature and can be curable, but some are clinically aggressive and can lead to significant complications and even to death corresponds to atypical (5-7%) and anaplastic (1-3%) meningioma (Louis DN et al., 2007, Perry A et al., 2007).
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    Rettospective clinical analysis and pathological singificance of biomarkers for astrocytoma progression
    (University of Hyderabad, 2017-06-01) Ravindra Pramod, Deshpande ; Prakash Babu, P
    Astrocytoma’s are the most common malignancies of the brain. World Health Organization (WHO) has classified astrocytoma in four grades (Grade I- pilocytic astrocytoma, Grade II- diffuse astrocytoma, Grade III- anaplastic astrocytoma and Grade IV- glioblastoma multiforme) on account of cellularity, nuclear polymorphism, mitotic index, microvascular proliferation and extent of necrosis [1]. However recent scheme of classification based on the co-expression modules around most mutated gene such as receptor tyrosine kinases are proposed to accurately assign prognosis in astrocytoma cases[2]. Grade IV astrocytoma also referred as glioblastoma multiformae (GBM), are the most aggressive primary tumours with worst prognosis and account for nearly 60% of malignant gliomas [3-5]. The overall prognosis for malignant glial tumours have not changed significantly since 1980 despite of advancements in course of diagnosis and mode of treatment
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    The role of Hsp90 in Rad51 mediarec DNA repair
    (UNIVERSITY OF HYDERABAD, 2017-12-31) Tanvi Suhane ; Sunanda Bhattacharyya
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    Amino acid deprivation sensing pathway in the regulation of innate-inflammatory responses : an approach to understand pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis
    (University of Hyderabad, 2018-02-01) Srikanth, Battu ; Nooruddin Khan
    1.1 Ulcerative Colitis: Ulcerative Colitis (UC), and Crohn’s disease (CD) are the two major clinical forms of Intestinal bowel disease (IBD) which are characterized by chronic, recurrent inflammation of the gastrointestinal-tract (Kappelman et al. 2007). UC and CD are associated with high morbidity along with decreased quality of life due to enormous illness burden (Ferguson, Sedgwick, and Drummond 1994). Although UC and CD share many clinical features such as bloody stools, diarrhea, fever, weight loss, and fatigue- each has distinct features (Head, Jurenka, and Ascp 2003), For instance, CD affects every part of the gastrointestinal tract with the development of clinical manifestations including abscesses, fistula, and strictures, typically leaving discontinuous segments of normal tissue. While UC is restricted to the colon, with the clinical manifestations of mucosal inflammation and ulceration that ranges from rectum to large intestine (Silverberg et al. 2005). In addition to intestinal features patient may also experience extraintestinal manifestations including musculoskeletal, eyes, and dermal related complications
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    Modeling collective behaviour in biology \b computational approaches
    (University of Hyderabad, 2018-06-30) Raviteja, Donepudi ; Ramakrishna Ramaswamy ; Niyaz Ahmed
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    Effect of charged-amino acid osmolytes on protein stability:Spectroscopic,Volumetric, and computational studies
    (UNIVERSITY OF HYDERABAD, 2018-10-30) Bramhini, A. ; Prakash Prabhu, N.
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    Understanding the catalytic mechanism of ribokinase from leishmania donovani using structural and functional approach
    (UNIVERSITY OF HYDERABAD, 2018-12-30) Santosh, Gatreddi ; Qureshi, Insaf Ahmed
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    Investigation of protein interaction networks in mycobacterium tuberculosis using computational approaches
    (University of Hyderabad, 2019-01-01) Dharmapal Burne ; Vaibhav Vindal
    Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the prevalent infectious diseases caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It is one of the airborne diseases which spread from person to person through the air. TB is of two types, latent and active TB. In case of the latent TB, the pathogen infects human macrophage cells and remains in an inactive state. It is a non-contagious with no symptoms. Sometimes, it may get converted to the active TB. In case of the active TB, the pathogen multiples in the macrophage cells causing disease. It is contagious to other persons. Symptoms of the active TB include cough, fever, night sweats, weight loss, etc. TB is generally diagnosed through tuberculin skin test where tuberculin, a purified protein derivative of the pathogen, is injected in the patient just below the inside forearm. The injected site is checked after 2 to 3 days for red hard bump. If the bump swells up to specific size, the patient is diagnosed to have TB disease. In order to confirm the disease, other tests such as blood tests, chest X-rays and sputum tests are performed alongside the skin test. All the patients detected with either active or inactive TB are prescribed with medications depending upon the age, overall health and resistance to drugs. The patients detected with inactive TB may require only one kind of antibiotic while the patients with active TB may require multiple drugs. Period of treatment of the patients with drugs vary from 6 months to few years. If the patients do not take the entire TB treatment course, the pathogen may get resistance to drugs causing multi-drug resistance (MDR) TB which is difficult to be treated. Therefore patients detected with TB are provided with proper medication and correct administration. In certain cases, the patients are recommended for Directly Observation Therapy (DOT) where a healthcare worker administers the TB medication to the patients in order to ensure the full course of treatment. In the patients diagnosed with HIV, diabetes or cancer, the treatment of TB becomes harder. If the TB is left untreated, it becomes fatal affecting kidneys, brain and heart. The vast majority of the TB cases are curable with proper medications and treatments elsewise two-third of the world‘s population would die due to TB.