Health Psychology - Publications

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    Clonal propagation of mulberry (Morus indica L. cultivar M-5) through in vitro culture of nodal explants
    ( 1999-04-09) Vijaya Chitra, D. S. ; Padmaja, G.
    A high frequency of sprouting (80.0%) and shoot differentiation was observed in the primary cultures of nodal explants of Morus indica L. cultivar M-5 on MS medium supplemented with 2,4-D (0.3 mg/l). In vitro proliferated shoots were multiplied rapidly by culture of shoot tips on MS medium with BAP (0.5 and 1.0 mg/l) which produced the greatest multiple shoot formation. Multiplication was also achieved by culture of shoot tips on MS medium with BAP (4.0 mg/l) and GA3 (0.05 mg/l) which facilitated the elongation of shoots followed by sprouting of axillary buds of in vitro grown shoots. A high frequency of rooting (86.7%) with development of healthy roots was observed from shoots cultured on medium with 2,4-D (1.0 mg/l). Plants with well developed roots were transferred to soil with a survival frequently of 80%.
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    Seasonal influence on axillary bud sprouting and micropropagation of elite cultivars of mulberry
    ( 2002-01-04) Vijaya Chitra, D. S. ; Padmaja, G.
    High frequency of sprouting from axillary buds was observed during summer in all four cultivars in field and in vitro conditions. In the China White cultivar, sprouting was asynchronous and at the end of 60 days only 23.3% of the nodal cuttings established into plants in summer in field conditions. Under in vitro conditions, a high frequency of sprouting was induced in M-5 and S-36 cultivars on medium supplemented with 1.36 μM 2,4-D. In the S-13 cultivar, the axillary buds collected during summer sprouted with the same frequency of 73.3% on medium supplemented individually with 2,4-D and KN at 1.36 and 1.39 μM concentrations, respectively, whereas in the China White cultivar, a high frequency of axillary bud sprouting was induced on KN (9.29 μM) supplemented medium. Shoot multiplication was achieved in all four cultivars by culture of shoot tips on MS medium with BAP (2.22 μM). Addition of fructose instead of sucrose in the multiplication medium increased the shoot number and also the growth of the shoots was vigorous. In vitro differentiated shoots of all cultivars rooted with a high frequency on medium supplemented with 4.52 μM 2,4-D. Micropropagated plants were successfully established in soil in field conditions with a survival frequency of 85-90%. © 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
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    Square-planar nickel(II) complexes with a tridentate Schiff base and monodentate heterocycles: Self-assembly to dimeric and one-dimensional array via hydrogen bonding
    ( 2003-04-01) Mukhopadhyay, Abhik ; Padmaja, G. ; Pal, Satyanarayan ; Pal, Samudranil
    Two nickel(II) complexes having the general formula [Ni(bhac)L] with tridentate ONO-donor acetylacetone benzoylhydrazone (H2bhac) and monodentate N-donor heterocycles (L = 3,5-dimethylpyrazole (Hdmpz) and imidazole (Himdz)) are reported. The complexes were synthesized in ethanol media by reacting Ni(O2CCH3)2 · 4H2O, H2bhac and L in 1:1:1 mole ratio and characterized by analytical, magnetic and spectroscopic methods. X-ray crystal structures of both complexes have been determined. In each complex, the metal ion is in square-planar N2O2 coordination geometry. In the solid state, a one-dimensional assembly of the [Ni(bhac)(Himdz)] molecules is formed via intermolecular hydrogen bonds between the imidazole N-H groups and the uncoordinated N-atoms of the deprotonated amide functionalities. On the other hand, two [Ni(bhac)(Hdmpz)] molecules are involved in a pair of complementary hydrogen bonds between the pyrazole N-H groups and the coordinated O-atoms of the deprotonated amide functionalities forming a dinuclear species. © 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
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    Changes in protein profiles associated with somatic embryogenesis in peanut
    ( 2005-09-01) Roja Rani, A. ; Reddy, V. D. ; Prakash Babu, P. ; Padmaja, G.
    The somatic embryogenesis potential of zygotic embryo axes of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L. cv. DRG-12) at different stages of development was evaluated by culturing on MS medium with 18.1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). A 100 % frequency with 18.3 somatic embryos per explant was observed from 4 mm long immature zygotic embryo axes collected 31 - 40 d after pollination. Medium supplemented with 16.6 μM picloram resulted in slow development of somatic embryos whereas in the presence of 21.5 μM α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), the explants underwent maturation with induction of roots after 30 d. The changes in protein profiles in zygotic embryo axes at different stages of development correlated with their potential to form somatic embryos. Immature zygotic embryo axes exhibited high frequency somatic embryogenesis in the stage preceding abundant accumulation of 22 and 65 kDa proteins. The content of 22 and 65 kDa proteins decreased immediately after culture on medium fortified with 18.1 μM 2,4-D and increased again after 12 d of culture coinciding with the development of somatic embryos on the explants. The content of 22 and 65 kDa proteins was low at 15 d of culture on medium supplemented with 16.6 μM picloram possibly due to slow development of the somatic embryos on the explant. On maturation medium containing 21.5 μM NAA, a marked increase in the content of 22 and 65 kDa proteins in 15 d-old cultures was observed.
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    Shoot regeneration via direct organogenesis from in vitro derived leaves of mulberry using thidiazuron and 6-benzylaminopurine
    ( 2005-11-01) Vijaya Chitra, D. S. ; Padmaja, G.
    A brief culture of mulberry leaves for 8-10 days on MS medium with 18.17 μM TDZ followed by transfer to 8.88 μM BAP supplemented medium triggered high frequency shoot organogenesis (77.6-89.2%) and favoured shoot elongation in Morus spp. Shoot proliferation was highest in the presence of 2.22 μM BAP with induction of 9.4-10.6 shoots per culture. High frequency of root induction (76.0-86.6%) was observed on medium supplemented with 0.49 μM IBA whereas increase in the level of IBA (4.92 μM) resulted in induction of roots along with development of callus from the base of the shoots. The regenerated plants established in soil at higher frequency in rainy season compared to winter and summer. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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    In vitro germination and micropropagation of Givotia rottleriformis Griff.
    ( 2009-07-01) Samuel, K. ; Debashish, D. ; Madhumita, B. ; Padmaja, G. ; Prasad, Siva Ram ; Murthy, V. Bhaskara Ramana ; Rao, P. S.
    The propagation of Givotia rottleriformis Griff. is difficult as a result of long seed dormancy associated with poor seed germination. The present study was undertaken to develop a protocol to overcome seed dormancy by culture of zygotic embryo axes and then develop an efficient method for micropropagation of Givotia. Best germination frequency (78.3%) was achieved from mature zygotic embryo axes isolated from acid-scarified fresh seeds when cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium (half-strength major salts) with 28.9 μM gibberellic acid (GA3). Efficient plant conversion was achieved by transfer of 10-d-old germinated embryos to MS medium (half-strength major salts) supplemented with 1.2 μM kinetin (KN) and 0.5 μM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). However, acid scarification of 1-yr-old seeds decreased the germination frequency of zygotic embryo axes in comparison to those obtained from non-acid-scarified seeds which germinated (96.2%) and converted into plants (80.3%) on MS basal (half-strength major salts) medium. Multiple shoot bud induction was achieved by culture of shoot tips derived from in vitro germinated seedlings on MS medium with 0.5 μM thidiazuron for 4 wk, and the shoots elongated after transfer to a secondary medium with 1.2 μM KN. A maximum number of 7.8 shoots per explant with an average shoot length of 3.2 cm was achieved after two subcultures on this medium. The in vitro regenerated shoots rooted (41.5%) on half-strength MS medium with 0.5 μM IBA. The in vitro generated seedlings and micropropagated plants were established in soil with a survival frequency of 70% and 60%, respectively. © The Society for In Vitro Biology 2009.
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    Changes in protein composition and protein phosphorylation during somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)
    ( 2009-08-04) Roja Rani, A. ; Venkateswarlu, P. ; Padmaja, G. ; Venkatesh, K. ; Baburao, Nimala
    Changes in protein profiles and protein phosphorylation were studied in various stages of germinating somatic and zygotic embryos. Many proteins, which were expressed in cotyledonary stage somatic embryos, were also present in the zygotic embryos obtained from mature dry seed. The intensity of 22 kDa protein was much higher in zygotic embryos in comparison to cotyledonary somatic embryos. Proteins of 55, 53, 27 and 25 kDa did not vary in expression during different stages of germination of somatic and zygotic embryos. There was rapid accumulation of 28 kda protein in germinating zygotic and somatic embryos at 3rd stage and persisted during the subsequent stages of germination indicating the emergence of radical and plumule. A clear difference was observed in the patterns of protein phosphorylation in germinating somatic and zygotic embryos. A 50 kDa protein was heavily phosphorylated in mature zygotic embryos at 2nd stage of germination and disappeared in 3rd stage of germination. Protiens of 50 and 43 kDa proteins showed enhanced phosphorylation up to 3rd stage and drastic reduction was observed at 4th stage. In addition, phosphorylation of 68 and 65 kDa specifically appeared in 3rd stage of germinating somatic embryos and were not observed during any germinating stages of zygotic embryos. © 2009 Academic Journals.
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    Polypeptides associated with the induction and maturation of direct somatic embryogenesis in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)
    ( 2009-08-04) Roja Rani, A. ; Venkateswarlu, P. ; Kumar, Arun ; Padmaja, G. ; Baburao, Nimala
    Analysis of protein patterns in mature zygotic embryo axes and somatic embryos by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis revealed that protein of spot no. E4 (37 kDa, pI 9.5) and E5 (37 kDa, pI 9.8) are present only in the 6 day old culture indicating their importance for induction of somatic embryogenesis. Proteins of spot no. E1 (53kDa, pI 8.2), E2 (53kDa, pI 8.3) and E3 (37 kDa, pI 9.3) expressed in 6 day-old immature zygotic embryo axis cultures were also present in globular staged somatic embryos and these proteins are possibly associated with early stages of somatic embryogenesis. Proteins of 65 kDa separated into different spots of C1, C2, C3, C4 with pI values ranging from 6.3-9.6 on two-dimensional gel are present only in zygotic embryos. Proteins of C2 (65 kDa, pI 7.5), C8 (22 kDa, pI 7.8), C 10 (20 kDa, pI 5.3) C11 (20 kDa, pI 5.5) were specifically expressed in mature zygotic embryo axes and are possibly associated with storage or late embryonic proteins. A few proteins showed differential expression during various stages of somatic embryos and many proteins that expressed in cotyledonary somatic embryos and were also present in immature and mature zygotic embryo axes. © 2009 Academic Journals.
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    Childhood stress and its impact on learning and academic performance
    ( 2013-01-01) Hariharan, Meena ; Swain, Sunyana ; Chivukula, Usha
    Stress has become a potential source of threat in the growth and development of children, having both short-term and long-term effects. Unremitting stress in children has an impact on the autonomous and endocrine system, thereby bringing about interference in learning, transfer of learning, and memory. While culture plays a vital role, the triggers of stress can be both external and internal. The child’s interaction with their immediate environment and the child’s own abilities to counteract the stressful situation also play a vital role. Interventions aimed at changing the way children perceive stress can go a long way towards optimizing their potential in dealing with stressful situations.
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    Childhood stress and its impact on learning and academic performance
    ( 2013-01-01) Hariharan, Meena ; Swain, Sunyana ; Chivukula, Usha
    Stress has become a potential source of threat in the growth and development of children, having both short-term and long-term effects. Unremitting stress in children has an impact on the autonomous and endocrine system, thereby bringing about interference in learning, transfer of learning, and memory. While culture plays a vital role, the triggers of stress can be both external and internal. The child’s interaction with their immediate environment and the child’s own abilities to counteract the stressful situation also play a vital role. Interventions aimed at changing the way children perceive stress can go a long way towards optimizing their potential in dealing with stressful situations.
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    Role of psychosocial care on ICU trauma
    ( 2014-01-01) Chivukula, Usha ; Hariharan, Meena ; Rana, Suvashisa ; Thomas, Marlyn ; Swain, Sunayana
    Context: Patients treated in intensive care units (ICU) though receive the best medical attention are found to suffer from trauma typically attributed to the ICU environment. Biopsychosocial approach in ICUs is found to minimize ICU trauma. Aims: This study investigates the role of psychosocial care on patients in ICU after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG). Settings and Design: The study included 250 post-operative CABG patients from five corporate hospitals. The combination of between subject and correlation design was used. Materials and Methods: The ICU psychosocial care scale (ICUPCS) and ICU trauma scale (ICUTS) were used to measure the psychosocial care and trauma. Statistical Analysis: ANOVA and simple and multiple regression were applied. Results: Hospitals significantly differed in psychosocial care provided in ICUs. Higher the psychosocial care in ICU, lower was the ICU trauma experienced and vice versa. Psychosocial care was a significant major predictor of ICU trauma. Conclusions: The study suggests emphasis on psychosocial aspects in ICU care for optimizing prognosis.
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    Role of psychosocial care on ICU trauma
    ( 2014-01-01) Chivukula, Usha ; Hariharan, Meena ; Rana, Suvashisa ; Thomas, Marlyn ; Swain, Sunayana
    Context: Patients treated in intensive care units (ICU) though receive the best medical attention are found to suffer from trauma typically attributed to the ICU environment. Biopsychosocial approach in ICUs is found to minimize ICU trauma. Aims: This study investigates the role of psychosocial care on patients in ICU after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG). Settings and Design: The study included 250 post-operative CABG patients from five corporate hospitals. The combination of between subject and correlation design was used. Materials and Methods: The ICU psychosocial care scale (ICUPCS) and ICU trauma scale (ICUTS) were used to measure the psychosocial care and trauma. Statistical Analysis: ANOVA and simple and multiple regression were applied. Results: Hospitals significantly differed in psychosocial care provided in ICUs. Higher the psychosocial care in ICU, lower was the ICU trauma experienced and vice versa. Psychosocial care was a significant major predictor of ICU trauma. Conclusions: The study suggests emphasis on psychosocial aspects in ICU care for optimizing prognosis.
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    Role of psychosocial care on ICU trauma
    ( 2014-01-01) Chivukula, Usha ; Hariharan, Meena ; Rana, Suvashisa ; Thomas, Marlyn ; Swain, Sunayana
    Context: Patients treated in intensive care units (ICU) though receive the best medical attention are found to suffer from trauma typically attributed to the ICU environment. Biopsychosocial approach in ICUs is found to minimize ICU trauma. Aims: This study investigates the role of psychosocial care on patients in ICU after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG). Settings and Design: The study included 250 post-operative CABG patients from five corporate hospitals. The combination of between subject and correlation design was used. Materials and Methods: The ICU psychosocial care scale (ICUPCS) and ICU trauma scale (ICUTS) were used to measure the psychosocial care and trauma. Statistical Analysis: ANOVA and simple and multiple regression were applied. Results: Hospitals significantly differed in psychosocial care provided in ICUs. Higher the psychosocial care in ICU, lower was the ICU trauma experienced and vice versa. Psychosocial care was a significant major predictor of ICU trauma. Conclusions: The study suggests emphasis on psychosocial aspects in ICU care for optimizing prognosis.
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    Pathogen-induced expression of harpinpss increases resistance in tobacco against fusarium oxysporum f. sp. nicotianae
    ( 2014-01-01) Dey, D. ; Uma, B. ; Padmaja, G. ; Podile, A. R.
    HarpinPss (encoded by the hrpZ gene), a proteinaceous elicitor produced by Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae, induces cell death in plants through hypersensitive response (HR). With an aim to generate transgenic tobacco resistant to fungal diseases, hrpZ was expressed in a secretable form, tagged with the signal peptide (SP) of PR1a, under the constitutive 35S promoter (35S) or pathogen-inducible promoters (PIPs) like phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), osmotin (OSM), and hypersensitive-related (HSR) promoters. The constitutive expression of the secretable form of hrpZ did not permit regeneration of transformed cells due to harpinPss-induced cell death. Transformants were recovered at a low frequency (2-6%) from leaf discs infected with Agrobacterium harbouring the SP-hrpZ driven by PIPs due to wound-induced leaky expression of harpinPss. The transgenic lines were confirmed by PCR using transgene- specific primers for SP-hrpZ. The expression of hrpZ under PIPs in transgenic lines was confirmed by Western blotting after challenging the leaves with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. nicotianae. RT-PCR analysis also confirmed the expression of SP-hrpZ driven by PIPs in transgenic tobacco upon infection with F. oxysporum f. sp. nicotianae. The expression of harpinPss in these transgenic lines was accompanied by expression of defense-response genes such as PR1, PR2, PR3, HSR and HIN1. Transgenic tobacco plants showed enhanced resistance to F. oxysporum f. sp. nicotianae. Our findings suggest the potential use of an elicitor gene (hrpZ), driven by PIPs (PAL, OSM, and HSR) for the development of resistant plants.
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    Medical Jargons as Hindrance in Doctor–Patient Communication
    ( 2014-12-01) Thomas, Marlyn ; Hariharan, Meena ; Rana, Suvashisa ; Swain, Sunayana ; Andrew, Asher
    This study assessed patients’ understanding of the jargons used by cardiologists during consultation, and to compare the knowledge of these jargons across three patient age groups. The Cardiac Jargons Comprehension Schedule (CAJCOMPS), consisting of 11 cardiac jargons, was developed and validated. It was found that the proportion of participants who were aware of the jargons ranged between 10 % and 96 % across the 11 jargons; however, mean scores across the jargons ranged only between 0 and 2 on a scale of 0–5. Significant effect of age on the overall level of understanding of jargons and of specific jargons (Angina, Heart Failure, Palpitation and Treadmill Test) was noted. Participants of the youngest age group (18–45 years) had reported significantly lower level of knowledge of jargons than their the older age counterparts (46–60 and 61–80 years). Cardiologists’ communication involving jargons is, thus, not adequately reaching patients, young adults in particular.
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    Medical Jargons as Hindrance in Doctor–Patient Communication
    ( 2014-12-01) Thomas, Marlyn ; Hariharan, Meena ; Rana, Suvashisa ; Swain, Sunayana ; Andrew, Asher
    This study assessed patients’ understanding of the jargons used by cardiologists during consultation, and to compare the knowledge of these jargons across three patient age groups. The Cardiac Jargons Comprehension Schedule (CAJCOMPS), consisting of 11 cardiac jargons, was developed and validated. It was found that the proportion of participants who were aware of the jargons ranged between 10 % and 96 % across the 11 jargons; however, mean scores across the jargons ranged only between 0 and 2 on a scale of 0–5. Significant effect of age on the overall level of understanding of jargons and of specific jargons (Angina, Heart Failure, Palpitation and Treadmill Test) was noted. Participants of the youngest age group (18–45 years) had reported significantly lower level of knowledge of jargons than their the older age counterparts (46–60 and 61–80 years). Cardiologists’ communication involving jargons is, thus, not adequately reaching patients, young adults in particular.
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    Doctor-Patient Communication: Impact on Adherence and Prognosis Among Patients with Primary Hypertension
    ( 2015-03-01) Swain, Sunayana ; Hariharan, Meena ; Rana, Suvashisa ; Chivukula, Usha ; Thomas, Marlyn
    This study examined the effect of quality of doctor-patient communication on adherence and the effect of adherence on prognosis of patients diagnosed with primary hypertension. A sample of 30 doctors and 300 hypertensive patients with the ratio of one doctor and 10 patients participated in the study. Quality of communication was measured using similarity index that measured the transaction between the doctor and the patient as a whole. Adherence was measured through self-report while prognosis was measured by doctors’ ratings based on clinical symptoms and blood pressure readings of the patient. Results revealed that quality of communication significantly contributed to adherence and prognosis. Adherence significantly contributed to prognosis. The impact of quality of communication on prognosis suggested a definite pathway through adherence. The implications of enhancing the quality of doctor-patient communication are discussed.
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    Doctor-Patient Communication: Impact on Adherence and Prognosis Among Patients with Primary Hypertension
    ( 2015-03-01) Swain, Sunayana ; Hariharan, Meena ; Rana, Suvashisa ; Chivukula, Usha ; Thomas, Marlyn
    This study examined the effect of quality of doctor-patient communication on adherence and the effect of adherence on prognosis of patients diagnosed with primary hypertension. A sample of 30 doctors and 300 hypertensive patients with the ratio of one doctor and 10 patients participated in the study. Quality of communication was measured using similarity index that measured the transaction between the doctor and the patient as a whole. Adherence was measured through self-report while prognosis was measured by doctors’ ratings based on clinical symptoms and blood pressure readings of the patient. Results revealed that quality of communication significantly contributed to adherence and prognosis. Adherence significantly contributed to prognosis. The impact of quality of communication on prognosis suggested a definite pathway through adherence. The implications of enhancing the quality of doctor-patient communication are discussed.
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    Doctor-Patient Communication: Impact on Adherence and Prognosis Among Patients with Primary Hypertension
    ( 2015-03-01) Swain, Sunayana ; Hariharan, Meena ; Rana, Suvashisa ; Chivukula, Usha ; Thomas, Marlyn
    This study examined the effect of quality of doctor-patient communication on adherence and the effect of adherence on prognosis of patients diagnosed with primary hypertension. A sample of 30 doctors and 300 hypertensive patients with the ratio of one doctor and 10 patients participated in the study. Quality of communication was measured using similarity index that measured the transaction between the doctor and the patient as a whole. Adherence was measured through self-report while prognosis was measured by doctors’ ratings based on clinical symptoms and blood pressure readings of the patient. Results revealed that quality of communication significantly contributed to adherence and prognosis. Adherence significantly contributed to prognosis. The impact of quality of communication on prognosis suggested a definite pathway through adherence. The implications of enhancing the quality of doctor-patient communication are discussed.
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    ‘Living Through Challenges is a New Opportunity’: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis on Persons with Cardiovascular Disease
    ( 2015-03-01) Vincent, Kallavarapu ; Rana, Suvashisa ; Nandinee, Durgesh
    This study attempted to explore and understand the lived experiences of the persons with cardiovascular disease throughout their lives, and identify specific positive aspects that acted as catalysts for their positive living during the illness. Eight persons (aged 29–58), both men and women, were interviewed. They had lived with the disease for two to 12 years. Transcripts were explored through Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Data analysis revealed two superordinate themes, such as lived experiences and feeling in life, and dynamics of positive living during illness. The lived experiences of the persons with cardiovascular disease help us to understand their psychological critical life situations and the strategies they follow to salvage their lives by transforming themselves from negative to positive. The findings bring a new insight, and the implications and shortcomings are discussed.