The system of fortifications in San Juan begun in the late 16th
century gave Spain strategic control of the Caribbean until the late 19th
century. It includes two (2) large forts and a system of fortified city
walls. La Fortaleza was built between 1533 and 1540 to control access from
the harbor to the town of San Juan. It was remodeled over the years and
served as the residence for royal officials and the treasury for documents.
The second fort was El Morro, built to protect San Juan Bay: it eventually
developed into a masterpiece of military engineering with stout walls, carefully
planned steps and ramps for moving men and artillery. By the end of the
18th century more than 400 cannon defended the fort, making it almost impregnable.
Over the centuries, these fortifications protected Spain's empire from Carib
Indians, pirates and the warships of other countries. They are reminders
of the power of Spain and the role of Puerto Rico in the exploration and
colonization of the New World. (Inscribed in 1983)
