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Party Divisions
Background Information

Political Divisions of the House of Representatives (1789 to Present)

Political parties have been one of the two major organizing forces in Congress for most of its history (the other force being the House's standing committees). These political divisions have existed since Representatives were elected to the first Congress. The main party affiliations from the first to the thirty-third Congresses in the House of Representatives included Federalists, Whigs, and Democrats-Republicans. The origins of the modern Democratic party emerged in the presidency of Andrew Jackson (1829-37), while the Republican party surfaced in the wake of the Whig party collapse in the 1850s. Although Members who represent other political parties have been and continue to be elected to Congress, the Democratic and Republican parties have dominated American politics and organized Congress since the mid-nineteenth century.

The table below lists the political divisions of the House of Representatives from 1789 to present. Included is the total number of Representatives allotted each Congress, as well as the breakdown of Delegates and Members representing the Federalists, Whigs, Republicans, Democrats, and other political parties. Also included any existing vacancies during a particular Congress. All figures reflect immediate results of elections as provided by the Clerk of the House.
Political Divisions 1789-Present

Congress
Years
Allotted
No. of Reps
Delsa, b
Feds
Whigs
Reps
Dems
Others
Vacant
1st
1789-1791
65
...
53
...
...
12
...
...
2nd
1791-1793
69
...
55
...
...
14
...
...
3rd
1793-1795
105
1
51
...
...
54
...
...
4th
1795-1797
105
1
46
...
...
50
...
...
5th
1797-1799
105
...
51
...
...
54
...
...
6th
1799-1801
105
1
57
...
...
48
...
...
7th
1801-1803
105
2
34
...
...
71
...
...
8th
1803-1805
141
1
38
...
...
103
...
...
9th
1805-1807
141
3
29
...
...
112
...
...
10th
1807-1809
141
3
31
...
...
110
...
...
11th
1809-1811
141

3
46
...
...
95
...
...
12th
1811-1813
141
5
36
...
...
105
...
...
13th
1814-1815
182
4
67
...
...
115
...
...
14th
1815-1817
183
4
61
...
...
122
...
...
15th
1817-1819
185
4
57
...
...
128
...
...
16th
1819-1821
187
4
42
...
...
145
...
...
17th
1821-1823
187
4
58
...
...
129
...
...
18th
1823-1825
213
3
72
...
...
141
...
...
19th
1825-1827
213
3
79
...
...
134
...
...
20th
1827-1829
213
3
85
...
...
128
...
...
21st
1829-1831
213
3
...
71
...
142
...
...
22nd
1831-1833
213
3
...
83
...
130
...
...
23rd
1833-1835
240
3
...
93
...
147
...
...
24th
1835-1837
242
4
...
98
...
144
...
...
25th
1837-1839
242
3
...
115
...
117
10
...
26th
1839-1841
242
3
...
132
...
103
6
...
27th
1841-1843
242
3
...
132
...
103
6
...
28th
1843-1845
223
3
...
81
...
142
...
...
29th
1845-1847
225
2
...
78
...
141
6
...
30th
1847-1849
227
1
...
115
...
108
4
...
31st
1849-1851
227
2
...
111
...
116
...
...
32nd
1851-1853
233
4
...
88
...
140
5
...
33rd
1853-1855
234
7
...
71
...
159
4
...
34th
1855-1857
234
7
...
...

108
83
43
...
35th
1857-1859
237
7
...
...
92
131
14
...
36th
1859-1861
237
5
...
...
113
101
23
...
37th
1861-1863
178
7
...
...
106
42
28
2
38th
1863-1865
183
10
...
...
103
80
...
...
39th
1865-1867
191
9
...
...
145
46
...
...
40th
1867-1869
193
8
...
...
143
49
...
1
41st
1869-1871
243
9
...
...
170
73
...
...
42nd
1871-1873
243
10
...
...
139
104
...
...
43rd
1873-1875
293
10
...
...
203
88
...
2
44th
1875-1877
293
9
...
...
107
181
3
2
45th
1877-1879
293
8
...
...
137
156
...
...
46th
1879-1881
293
8
...
...
128
150
14
1
47th
1881-1883
293
8
...
...
152
130
11
...
48th
1883-1885
325
8
...
...
119
200
6
...
49th
1885-1887
325
8
...
...
140
182
2
1
50th
1887-1889
325
8
...
...
151
170
4
...
51st
1889-1891
330
9
...
...
173
156
1
...
52nd
1891-1893
333
4
...
...
88
231
14
...
53rd
1893-1895
357
4
...
...
126
220
8
...
54th
1895-1897
357
4
...
...
246
104
7
...
55th
1897-1899
357
3
...
...
206
134
16
1
56th
1899-1901
357
4
...
...
185
163
9
...
57th
1901-1903
357
5
...
...
198
153
5
1
58th
1903-1905
386
5
...
...
207
178
...
1
59th
1905-1907
386
6
...
...
250
136
...
...
60th
1907-1909
386
7
...
...
222
164
...
...
61st
1909-1911
391
6
...
...
219
172
...
...
62nd
1911-1913
391
6
...
...
162
228
1
...
63rd
1913-1915
435
4
...
...
127
290
18
...
64th
1915-1917
435
4
...
...
193
231
8
3
65th
1917-1919
435
4
...
...
215
214
6
...
66th
1919-1921
435
4
...
...
237
191
7
...
67th
1921-1923
435
4
...
...
300
132
1
2
68th
1923-1925
435
4
...
...
225
207
3
...
69th
1925-1927
435
4
...
...
247
183
5
...
70th
1927-1929
435
4
...
...
237
195
3
...
71st
1929-1931
435
4
...
...
267
163
1
4
72nd1
1931-1933
435
4
...
...
218
216
1
...
73rd
1933-1935
435
4
...
...
117
313
5
...
74th
1935-1937
435
4
...
...
103
322
10
...
75th
1937-1939
435
4
...
...
89
333
13
...
76th
1939-1941
435
4
...
...
169
262
4
...
77th
1941-1943
435
4
...
...
162
267
6
...
78th
1943-1945
435
4
...
...
209
222
4
...
79th
1945-1947
435
4
...
...
190
243
2
...
80th
1947-1949
435
3
...
...
246
188
1
...
81st
1949-1951
435
3
...
...
171
263
1
...
82nd
1951-1953
435
3
...
...
199
234
2
...
83rd
1953-1955
435
3
...
...
221
213
1
...
84th
1955-1957
435
3
...
...
203
232
...
...
85th
1957-1959
435
3
...
...
201
234
...
...
86th
1959-1961
437
1
...
...
153
283
...
...
87th
1961-1963
437
1
...
...
175
262
...
...
88th
1963-1965
435
1
...
...
176
258
...
1
89th
1965-1967
435
1
...
...
140
295
...
...
90th
1967-1969
435
1
...
...
187
248
...
...
91st
1969-1971
435
1
...
...
192
243
...
...
92nd
1971-1973
435
2
...
...
180
255
...
...
93rd
1973-1975
435
4
...
...
192
242
1
...
94th
1975-1977
435
4
...
...
144
291
...
...
95th
1977-1979
435
4
...
...
143
292
...
...
96th
1979-1981
435
4
...
...
158
277
...
...
97th
1981-1983
435
5
...
...
192
243
...
...
98th
1983-1985
435
5
...
...
167
268
...
...
99th
1985-1987
435
5
...
...
182
253
...
...
100th
1987-1989
435
5
...
...
177
258
...
...
101st
1989-1991
435
5
...
...
175
260
...
...
102nd
1991-1993
435
5
...
...
167
267
1
...
103rd
1993-1995
435
5
...
...
176
258
1
...
104th
1995-1997
435
5
...
...
230
204
1
...
105th
1997-1999
435
5
...
...
228
206
1
...
106th
1999-2001
435
5
...
...
223
211
1
...
107th
2001-2003
435
5
...
...
221
212
2
...
108th
2003-2005
435
5
...
...
229
204
1
1

a Delegates from the 57th through the 85th Congresses and the 90th through the present Congresses include the Resident Commissioner from Puerto Rico.

b Delegates in the 86th through the 89th Congress are in each case the Resident Commissioner from Puerto Rico.

1 Democrats organized the House because of Republican vacancies.

Source: Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress and the Congressional Research Service