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Universities differ greatly from one another in the level
of their dedication to research. Research and scholarlyactivity
also take place in many kinds of institutions besides universities.
Often visiting scholars, researchers, and faculty come to
the United States to work in private or public research centers
or in hospitals. Visiting scholars may find they have fewer
distractions from their projects in institutions dedicated
entirely to research as compared with academic institutions.
Most research institutions are organized by field, and they
include both an administrative and a scientific, or technical,
head for each department (in some cases, this is the same
person). Researchers may work together as part of a team,
or they may work alone; all have some administrative tie to
the department. Grants management staff monitor expenses on
any grant involved, and the principal research investigator
is usually responsible for an annual grant report.
Quite often, an international researcher establishes an arrangement
with a particular research center that focuses on his or her
area of research and then obtains a grant from public or private
sources (see "Financial Aid")
to work as the principal investigator for the grant.
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